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HomeHomework HelpgeneticsChromosomal Mutations

Chromosomal Mutations

Chromosomal mutations are alterations in the structure or number of chromosomes, which include duplications (where a segment of DNA is copied), deletions (where a segment of DNA is lost), and translocations (where segments of DNA are rearranged between non-homologous chromosomes). These mutations can lead to significant changes in an organism's genetic makeup and can affect its development and function.

intermediate
3 hours
Genetics
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Overview

Chromosomal mutations are significant alterations in the structure or number of chromosomes, which can lead to various genetic disorders. These mutations can occur through duplications, deletions, or translocations, each having distinct effects on an organism's genetic makeup. Understanding these mu...

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Key Terms

Chromosome
A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.

Example: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to different traits.

Example: A mutation in the BRCA1 gene can increase breast cancer risk.

Duplication
A mutation where a segment of DNA is copied, resulting in extra genetic material.

Example: Some cancers are caused by gene duplications.

Deletion
A mutation where a segment of DNA is lost or removed.

Example: Cri du chat syndrome is caused by a deletion on chromosome 5.

Translocation
A mutation where a segment of DNA is moved from one chromosome to another.

Example: Chronic myelogenous leukemia is often caused by a translocation.

Genetic Disorder
A health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.

Example: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21.

Related Topics

Genetic Disorders
Study of diseases caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes.
intermediate
Cancer Genetics
Exploration of genetic factors that contribute to cancer development.
advanced
Molecular Biology
Study of biological processes at the molecular level, including DNA replication and repair.
intermediate

Key Concepts

DuplicationsDeletionsTranslocationsGenetic Disorders