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HomeHomework HelpeconomicsUnderstanding Price Floors

Understanding Price Floors

A price floor is a government-imposed minimum price for a good or service, which must be set above the equilibrium price to be binding. In a perfectly competitive market, a binding price floor can lead to a surplus, as the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded due to the higher price. Understanding this concept is crucial for analyzing market dynamics and predicting the effects of government intervention on supply and demand.

beginner
2 hours
Economics
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Overview

Price floors are important economic tools used by governments to ensure that certain goods and services do not fall below a minimum price. This is often done to protect producers, such as farmers or workers, from market fluctuations that could harm their income. However, while price floors can provi...

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Key Terms

Price Floor
A minimum price set by the government for a good or service.

Example: The government sets a price floor for milk to ensure farmers receive a fair income.

Equilibrium Price
The price at which the quantity of a good demanded equals the quantity supplied.

Example: In a free market, the equilibrium price for apples is determined by supply and demand.

Surplus
A situation where the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at a given price.

Example: A surplus of wheat occurs when the price is set too high.

Demand
The quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices.

Example: The demand for electric cars increases as prices decrease.

Supply
The quantity of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at various prices.

Example: The supply of oranges increases during the harvest season.

Government Intervention
Actions taken by the government to influence the economy.

Example: Setting price floors is a form of government intervention.

Related Topics

Price Ceilings
A maximum price set by the government that prevents prices from rising above a certain level.
intermediate
Supply and Demand
The relationship between the quantity of a good that producers are willing to sell and the quantity that consumers are willing to buy.
beginner
Market Structures
Different organizational forms of markets, such as perfect competition and monopoly, that affect pricing and output.
intermediate

Key Concepts

minimum pricemarket equilibriumsurplusgovernment intervention