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HomeHomework HelpeconomicsCognitive Biases in Economics

Cognitive Biases in Economics

Cognitive biases in economic decision-making refer to systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, which influence individuals' choices and evaluations in economic contexts. These biases arise from the mental shortcuts and heuristics that individuals use, often leading to irrational or suboptimal economic outcomes.

intermediate
3 hours
Economics
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Overview

Cognitive biases play a significant role in economic decision-making, influencing how individuals and markets behave. Understanding these biases, such as loss aversion and overconfidence, can help individuals make better financial choices and avoid common pitfalls. By recognizing the impact of biase...

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Key Terms

Anchoring Bias
The tendency to rely heavily on the first piece of information encountered.

Example: A person may base their salary expectations on their previous job's salary.

Loss Aversion
The principle that losses weigh heavier than equivalent gains.

Example: Investors may hold onto losing stocks to avoid realizing a loss.

Overconfidence
The tendency to overestimate one's own abilities or knowledge.

Example: An investor may believe they can predict market movements better than they actually can.

Herd Behavior
The tendency to follow the actions of a larger group.

Example: Many investors may buy stocks simply because others are buying.

Behavioral Economics
A field of economics that studies how psychological factors affect economic decisions.

Example: Behavioral economics explains why people might save less than they should.

Cognitive Dissonance
The mental discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs.

Example: An investor may feel conflicted about selling a stock they believe is losing value.

Related Topics

Behavioral Finance
Study of how psychological influences and cognitive biases affect financial behaviors.
intermediate
Market Psychology
Exploration of how psychological factors influence market trends and investor behavior.
intermediate
Decision Theory
The study of the reasoning underlying an agent's choices, including biases.
advanced

Key Concepts

Anchoring BiasLoss AversionOverconfidenceHerd Behavior