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HomeHomework Helpearth-scienceMass Extinctions

Mass Extinctions

Mass extinctions are significant and rapid declines in biodiversity, characterized by the loss of a large number of species across various taxa within a relatively short geological time frame. The end-Cretaceous extinction, for example, marks the event approximately 66 million years ago that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs and many other species, likely due to a combination of catastrophic environmental changes.

intermediate
3 hours
Earth Science
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Overview

Mass extinctions are pivotal events in Earth's history that lead to the rapid loss of a significant number of species. They can be caused by various factors, including asteroid impacts, volcanic eruptions, and climate changes. The end-Cretaceous extinction, which famously eliminated the dinosaurs, s...

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Key Terms

Mass Extinction
A rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth.

Example: The end-Cretaceous mass extinction led to the extinction of the dinosaurs.

Biodiversity
The variety of life in the world or a particular habitat.

Example: Coral reefs are known for their high biodiversity.

Fossil Record
The history of life as documented by fossils.

Example: The fossil record shows how species have changed over time.

Asteroid Impact
A collision of an asteroid with Earth, often linked to mass extinctions.

Example: The asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous is believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.

Volcanic Activity
Eruptions of volcanoes that can lead to climate changes and extinctions.

Example: The Permian-Triassic extinction is thought to be linked to massive volcanic eruptions.

Adaptive Radiation
The rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor.

Example: After the dinosaurs went extinct, mammals underwent adaptive radiation.

Related Topics

Paleoclimate
Study of past climates and their impact on life on Earth.
intermediate
Evolutionary Biology
Understanding how species evolve and adapt over time.
intermediate
Conservation Biology
Focus on protecting biodiversity and preventing extinctions.
intermediate
Geological Time Scale
A timeline of Earth's history used to understand the timing of extinctions.
intermediate

Key Concepts

causes of extinctioneffects on ecosystemsfossil recordclimate change