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HomeHomework HelpchemistryIsotopes and Atomic Structure

Isotopes and Atomic Structure

Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses. Understanding isotopes is essential in fields such as chemistry and biology, as they play significant roles in reactions, stability, and applications like radiometric dating.

intermediate
2 hours
Chemistry
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Overview

Isotopes are crucial for understanding atomic structure and the behavior of elements. They are defined by their number of protons and neutrons, leading to variations in atomic mass. While isotopes share chemical properties, their differences can significantly impact physical properties and applicati...

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Key Terms

Isotope
Variants of a chemical element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Example: Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon.

Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, defining the element.

Example: Oxygen has an atomic number of 8.

Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Example: Carbon-12 has a mass number of 12.

Stable Isotope
An isotope that does not undergo radioactive decay.

Example: Carbon-12 is a stable isotope.

Radioactive Isotope
An isotope that is unstable and decays over time, emitting radiation.

Example: Uranium-238 is a radioactive isotope.

Radiocarbon Dating
A method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by measuring the amount of carbon-14.

Example: Archaeologists use radiocarbon dating to date ancient artifacts.

Related Topics

Nuclear Chemistry
The study of the chemical and physical properties of elements and compounds that are influenced by nuclear reactions.
advanced
Periodic Table Trends
Understanding how isotopes fit into the broader context of the periodic table and their trends.
intermediate
Chemical Reactions
Exploring how isotopes can affect reaction rates and mechanisms in chemistry.
intermediate

Key Concepts

Atomic NumberMass NumberStable IsotopesRadioactive Isotopes