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HomeHomework HelpbiologyVirus Structure

Virus Structure

Virus structure refers to the organized arrangement of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids that compose a virus, typically consisting of a protein coat called a capsid that encases the viral genome, which can be either DNA or RNA. Some viruses also possess an outer envelope derived from the host cell membrane, enhancing their ability to infect host cells.

intermediate
2 hours
Biology
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Overview

Viruses are unique entities that exist at the edge of life, consisting of genetic material encased in a protein coat, and sometimes an envelope. They cannot replicate independently and must infect a host cell to reproduce. Understanding their structure is crucial for developing vaccines and treatmen...

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Key Terms

Capsid
The protein shell of a virus that encases its genetic material.

Example: The capsid protects the viral RNA from degradation.

Envelope
A lipid membrane surrounding some viruses, derived from the host cell.

Example: HIV has an envelope that helps it enter human cells.

Genetic Material
The DNA or RNA that carries the virus's genetic information.

Example: Influenza virus has RNA as its genetic material.

Host Cell
A living cell that a virus infects to replicate.

Example: Bacteria can serve as host cells for bacteriophages.

Viral Replication
The process by which a virus makes copies of itself inside a host cell.

Example: Viral replication can lead to cell death.

Pathogen
An organism that causes disease, including viruses.

Example: Viruses are a type of pathogen that can infect humans.

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Key Concepts

CapsidEnvelopeGenetic MaterialHost Cell