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HomeHomework HelpbiologyViral Life Cycles

Viral Life Cycles

Viral life cycles refer to the processes by which viruses replicate within host cells, primarily categorized into the lytic cycle, where the virus hijacks the host's cellular machinery to produce new virions and ultimately causes cell lysis, and the lysogenic cycle, where the viral genome integrates into the host's DNA and replicates along with it, remaining dormant until triggered to enter the lytic phase.

intermediate
2 hours
Biology
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Overview

Viral life cycles are essential for understanding how viruses reproduce and affect their hosts. The lytic cycle leads to the destruction of host cells, allowing viruses to spread rapidly, while the lysogenic cycle allows viruses to integrate into the host's DNA, remaining dormant until activated. Th...

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Key Terms

Virus
A microscopic infectious agent that can only replicate inside a living host cell.

Example: Influenza virus causes the flu.

Lytic Cycle
A viral reproductive cycle that results in the destruction of the host cell.

Example: Bacteriophage T4 uses the lytic cycle.

Lysogenic Cycle
A viral reproductive cycle where the virus integrates its DNA into the host's genome.

Example: HIV can enter a lysogenic phase.

Prophage
The viral DNA that is integrated into the host's genome during the lysogenic cycle.

Example: The prophage can remain dormant until activated.

Host Cell
A living cell that a virus infects to reproduce.

Example: Bacteria can serve as host cells for bacteriophages.

Replication
The process by which a virus makes copies of itself inside a host cell.

Example: Viruses replicate by hijacking the host's machinery.

Related Topics

Bacterial Infections
Study of how bacteria cause diseases and their interactions with viruses.
intermediate
Immunology
Understanding the immune system's response to viral infections.
advanced
Genetic Engineering
Exploring how viruses can be used in gene therapy and genetic modifications.
advanced

Key Concepts

Lytic CycleLysogenic CycleViral ReplicationHost Interaction