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HomeHomework HelpbiologyLight-dependent Reactions

Light-dependent Reactions

Light-dependent reactions are the initial phase of photosynthesis occurring in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light energy is captured by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, while water molecules are split to release oxygen as a byproduct.

intermediate
2 hours
Biology
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Light-dependent reactions are a crucial part of photosynthesis, occurring in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. They convert light energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH, which are essential for the subsequent light-independent reactions. The process involves the absorption of li...

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Key Terms

Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Example: Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Chlorophyll
A green pigment found in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

Example: Chlorophyll gives plants their green color.

Photosystem
A complex of proteins and pigments that captures light energy.

Example: Photosystem II absorbs light at a wavelength of 680 nm.

Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins that transfer electrons and create a proton gradient.

Example: The electron transport chain is crucial for ATP synthesis.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
The main energy currency of cells, produced during photosynthesis.

Example: ATP is used for various cellular processes.

NADPH
A reduced form of NADP+ that carries electrons and hydrogen ions.

Example: NADPH is used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide.

Related Topics

Calvin Cycle
The series of reactions that convert carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions.
intermediate
Chloroplast Structure
Understanding the structure of chloroplasts helps explain how photosynthesis occurs.
beginner
Cellular Respiration
The process by which cells convert glucose into energy, complementing photosynthesis.
intermediate

Key Concepts

PhotosystemsElectron Transport ChainATP SynthesisNADPH Production