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HomeHomework Helpartificial-intelligenceMarkov Decision Processes

Markov Decision Processes

Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are mathematical frameworks for modeling decision-making situations where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision maker. They are defined by a set of states, actions, transition probabilities, and rewards, used to evaluate policies and optimize decision-making.

intermediate
3 hours
Artificial Intelligence
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Overview

Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) provide a structured way to model decision-making in uncertain environments. They consist of states, actions, rewards, and policies, which together help in understanding how to make optimal decisions. MDPs are widely used in various fields, including artificial intel...

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Key Terms

State
A specific situation or configuration in which an agent can find itself.

Example: In a chess game, a state could represent the current arrangement of pieces on the board.

Action
A choice made by the agent that affects the state.

Example: In a game, moving a piece is an action.

Reward
A numerical value received after taking an action in a state, indicating the success of that action.

Example: In a game, winning a round might yield a reward of +10 points.

Policy
A strategy that defines the actions an agent will take in each state.

Example: A policy could dictate that a player always moves to the nearest piece.

Value Function
A function that estimates the expected return or value of being in a state or taking an action.

Example: The value function might estimate that being in a winning position has a high value.

Bellman Equation
A recursive equation used to calculate the value of a state based on the values of subsequent states.

Example: The Bellman equation helps in determining the optimal policy by evaluating future rewards.

Related Topics

Reinforcement Learning
A type of machine learning where agents learn to make decisions by receiving rewards or penalties.
advanced
Dynamic Programming
A method for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems, often used in MDPs.
intermediate
Game Theory
The study of mathematical models of strategic interaction among rational decision-makers.
advanced

Key Concepts

StatesActionsRewardsPolicies