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HomeHomework HelppsychologyOperant Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is a learning theory developed by B.F. Skinner that emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. It posits that behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them, leading to modifications in behavior over time.

beginner
2 hours
Psychology
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Overview

Operant conditioning is a fundamental learning theory that explains how behaviors are shaped by their consequences. It emphasizes the importance of reinforcement and punishment in influencing behavior, making it a key concept in psychology. By understanding operant conditioning, we can apply its pri...

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Key Terms

Reinforcement
A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior.

Example: Giving a dog a treat for sitting on command.

Punishment
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

Example: Scolding a child for drawing on the wall.

Positive Reinforcement
Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior.

Example: Giving praise for good grades.

Negative Reinforcement
Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior.

Example: Taking painkillers to relieve pain.

Fixed Ratio Schedule
Reinforcement after a set number of responses.

Example: Getting a reward after every five sales.

Variable Ratio Schedule
Reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses.

Example: Slot machines in casinos.

Related Topics

Classical Conditioning
A learning process that involves associating an involuntary response with a stimulus.
intermediate
Cognitive Learning Theory
Focuses on the role of mental processes in learning, contrasting with behaviorist approaches.
intermediate
Behaviorism
A theory that emphasizes observable behaviors over internal mental states.
intermediate

Key Concepts

ReinforcementPunishmentBehavior ModificationSchedules of Reinforcement