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HomeHomework HelppsychologyHeuristic Problem Solving

Heuristic Problem Solving

Heuristic problem solving refers to the mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that individuals use to simplify decision-making processes, often influenced by cognitive biases that can affect judgment and behavior in various situations.

intermediate
3 hours
Psychology
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Overview

Heuristic problem solving is a vital cognitive process that allows individuals to make quick decisions using mental shortcuts. While heuristics can simplify complex decision-making, they also come with the risk of cognitive biases that can distort judgment. Understanding these concepts is essential ...

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Key Terms

Heuristic
A mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly.

Example: Using a rule of thumb to estimate costs.

Cognitive Bias
A systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.

Example: Confirmation bias, where one favors information that confirms existing beliefs.

Availability Heuristic
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.

Example: Thinking plane crashes are common after hearing about one in the news.

Anchoring Bias
Relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered.

Example: Judging the price of a product based on its initial price tag.

Overconfidence Bias
Excessive confidence in one's own answers or abilities.

Example: A student overestimating their performance on a test.

Framing Effect
Drawing different conclusions based on how information is presented.

Example: Choosing a product labeled as '90% fat-free' over one labeled '10% fat.'

Related Topics

Decision Theory
The study of principles and models for making rational decisions.
intermediate
Behavioral Economics
Explores the effects of psychological factors on economic decision-making.
intermediate
Critical Thinking
The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue to form a judgment.
intermediate

Key Concepts

HeuristicsCognitive BiasesDecision MakingProblem Solving