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HomeHomework HelppsychologyConjunction Fallacy

Conjunction Fallacy

The conjunction fallacy occurs when people incorrectly judge the probability of two events occurring together to be greater than the probability of either event occurring independently, violating the principles of probability theory.

intermediate
2 hours
Psychology
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Overview

The conjunction fallacy is a cognitive bias that leads individuals to incorrectly believe that specific conditions are more likely than a single general condition. This fallacy can significantly impact decision-making in various fields, including marketing, law, and personal finance. Understanding t...

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Key Terms

Probability
The measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

Example: The probability of flipping a coin and getting heads is 0.5.

Cognitive Bias
A systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.

Example: Confirmation bias leads people to favor information that confirms their existing beliefs.

Heuristic
A mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly.

Example: Using the rule of thumb to estimate costs.

Conjunction Fallacy
The error of assuming that specific conditions are more probable than a single general one.

Example: Believing that a person who is a bank teller and active in the feminist movement is more likely than just a bank teller.

Decision-Making
The process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions.

Example: Choosing a college based on various factors like location, cost, and programs offered.

Bias
A tendency to favor one thing over another, often in a way that is unfair.

Example: A hiring manager may have a bias towards candidates from certain universities.

Related Topics

Cognitive Dissonance
The mental discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs.
intermediate
Decision Theory
The study of the reasoning underlying an agent's choices.
advanced
Behavioral Economics
The study of psychological factors in economic decision-making.
advanced
Risk Perception
How individuals perceive and respond to risks in decision-making.
intermediate

Key Concepts

probabilitydecision-makingcognitive biasheuristics