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HomeHomework HelpphysicsThermodynamic Equilibrium

Thermodynamic Equilibrium

A state of balance in a closed system where the Gibbs free energy is at its lowest possible value, indicating stability, and is characterized by the equation dG=0, where G is the Gibbs free energy, H is the enthalpy, T is the temperature, and S is the entropy of the system

intermediate
2 hours
Physics
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Overview

Thermodynamic equilibrium is a fundamental concept in physics that describes a state where a system's properties remain constant over time. This state can be categorized into thermal, mechanical, and chemical equilibrium, each playing a crucial role in understanding energy transfer and reactions in ...

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Key Terms

Equilibrium State
A condition where all forces and influences are balanced.

Example: A book resting on a table is in mechanical equilibrium.

Thermal Equilibrium
A state where two bodies in contact have the same temperature.

Example: A hot cup of coffee cooling down to room temperature.

Mechanical Equilibrium
A state where the sum of forces acting on an object is zero.

Example: A car parked on a flat surface.

Chemical Equilibrium
A state in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.

Example: The formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen gases.

Le Chatelier's Principle
A principle stating that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed, it will shift to counteract the disturbance.

Example: Adding more reactants shifts the equilibrium to produce more products.

Heat Transfer
The movement of thermal energy from one object to another.

Example: Heat moving from a stove to a pot.

Related Topics

Heat Transfer
Study of how thermal energy moves between objects.
intermediate
Phase Changes
Understanding how substances change states and the energy involved.
intermediate
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Explores the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion.
advanced

Key Concepts

Equilibrium StateThermal EquilibriumMechanical EquilibriumChemical Equilibrium