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HomeHomework HelppharmacologyPharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics is the branch of pharmacology that studies the effects of drugs on biological systems and their mechanisms of action. It encompasses how drugs interact with receptors and the resulting physiological responses in the body.

intermediate
3 hours
Pharmacology
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Overview

Pharmacodynamics is a crucial field in pharmacology that focuses on how drugs interact with the body to produce effects. It encompasses the study of drug-receptor interactions, dose-response relationships, and the therapeutic index, which helps determine the safety and efficacy of medications. Under...

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Key Terms

Agonist
A substance that activates a receptor to produce a biological response.

Example: Morphine is an agonist that binds to opioid receptors.

Antagonist
A substance that blocks or dampens the action of a receptor.

Example: Naloxone is an antagonist that reverses opioid effects.

ED50
The dose of a drug that produces a therapeutic effect in 50% of the population.

Example: ED50 for aspirin in pain relief is around 300 mg.

LD50
The dose of a drug that is lethal to 50% of the population.

Example: LD50 for caffeine is about 190 mg/kg in humans.

Therapeutic Window
The range of drug doses that produces therapeutic effects without causing toxicity.

Example: The therapeutic window for warfarin is narrow, requiring careful monitoring.

Side Effects
Unintended effects of a drug that occur alongside the desired therapeutic effects.

Example: Nausea is a common side effect of many medications.

Related Topics

Pharmacokinetics
The study of how drugs move through the body, including absorption and elimination.
intermediate
Drug Development
The process of bringing a new drug to market, including research and testing.
advanced
Clinical Trials
Research studies that test how well new medical approaches work in people.
advanced

Key Concepts

Drug-receptor interactionDose-response relationshipTherapeutic indexSide effects