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HomeHomework HelpneuroscienceAction Potential

Action Potential

An action potential is a rapid, temporary change in the electrical membrane potential of a neuron, resulting in the transmission of an electrical signal along the axon. This occurs when a neuron's membrane depolarizes and reaches a specific threshold, leading to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels.

intermediate
2 hours
Neuroscience
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Overview

Action potentials are essential for the functioning of the nervous system, allowing neurons to communicate effectively. They involve a rapid change in electrical charge across the neuron's membrane, primarily driven by the movement of sodium and potassium ions. Understanding the phases of action pot...

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Key Terms

Neuron
A nerve cell that transmits signals in the nervous system.

Example: Motor neurons control muscle movements.

Resting Potential
The electrical charge difference across a neuron's membrane when it is not transmitting signals.

Example: A typical resting potential is around -70 mV.

Depolarization
The process of reducing the membrane potential, making the inside of the neuron more positive.

Example: During depolarization, sodium channels open.

Repolarization
The return of the membrane potential to its resting state after depolarization.

Example: Potassium ions exit the neuron during repolarization.

Threshold Potential
The minimum membrane potential that must be reached to trigger an action potential.

Example: Typically around -55 mV.

Myelin Sheath
A fatty layer that insulates axons and speeds up signal transmission.

Example: Myelinated neurons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated ones.

Related Topics

Neurotransmission
The process by which signaling molecules are released by neurons to communicate with other cells.
intermediate
Synaptic Transmission
The mechanism through which neurons communicate at synapses, involving neurotransmitter release and receptor binding.
intermediate
Muscle Contraction
The process by which muscles generate force and movement, closely linked to action potentials in motor neurons.
intermediate

Key Concepts

Resting potentialDepolarizationRepolarizationThreshold potential