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HomeHomework Helpmachine-learningOverfitting and Underfitting

Overfitting and Underfitting

The fundamental problems that occur when a statistical learning method is too flexible or too inflexible, resulting in poor test performance despite good training performance, and the need for techniques to prevent or mitigate these issues

intermediate
2 hours
Machine Learning
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Overview

Overfitting and underfitting are critical concepts in machine learning that affect a model's ability to generalize to new data. Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too well, capturing noise rather than the underlying patterns, leading to poor performance on unseen data. Converse...

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Key Terms

Overfitting
A modeling error that occurs when a model learns the training data too well.

Example: A model that predicts training data perfectly but fails on new data.

Underfitting
A modeling error that occurs when a model is too simple to capture the underlying pattern.

Example: A linear model trying to fit a complex, non-linear dataset.

Model Complexity
The capacity of a model to fit a wide variety of functions.

Example: A deep neural network has high complexity compared to a linear regression model.

Bias
The error due to overly simplistic assumptions in the learning algorithm.

Example: A model that consistently misses the target due to its simplicity.

Variance
The error due to excessive sensitivity to fluctuations in the training set.

Example: A model that performs well on training data but poorly on unseen data.

Regularization
A technique used to prevent overfitting by adding a penalty to the loss function.

Example: Lasso and Ridge regression are common regularization techniques.

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Key Concepts

Model ComplexityTraining DataGeneralizationBias-Variance Tradeoff