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HomeHomework HelpeconomicsNegative Externalities

Negative Externalities

Negative externalities occur when the production of goods imposes costs on society that are not reflected in market prices, such as pollution from copper production. Understanding how to graph these external costs is essential for analyzing market efficiency, as it helps identify the socially optimal production level where marginal social cost equals marginal social benefit. This topic is significant in Economics because it illustrates the importance of considering external costs in market transactions to achieve a more efficient allocation of resources.

intermediate
2 hours
Economics
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Overview

Negative externalities are significant economic concepts that highlight the costs imposed on third parties due to the actions of individuals or businesses. These external costs can lead to market failures, where the true costs of goods and services are not reflected in their prices, resulting in ove...

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Key Terms

Externality
A side effect of an action that affects others who did not choose to be involved.

Example: Pollution from a factory affecting nearby residents.

Market Failure
A situation where the allocation of goods and services is not efficient.

Example: Overproduction of goods that create negative externalities.

Social Cost
The total cost to society, including both private costs and external costs.

Example: The health costs of pollution.

Private Cost
The cost incurred by an individual or business for their own actions.

Example: The cost of raw materials for a factory.

Pigovian Tax
A tax imposed on activities that generate negative externalities.

Example: A carbon tax on emissions.

Subsidy
Financial assistance given by the government to encourage certain activities.

Example: Subsidies for renewable energy projects.

Related Topics

Positive Externalities
Explore the benefits that affect third parties positively, such as education.
intermediate
Public Goods
Learn about goods that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, like national defense.
intermediate
Environmental Economics
Study the economic impacts of environmental policies and resource management.
advanced

Key Concepts

external costsmarket failuresocial welfaregovernment intervention