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HomeHomework HelpeconomicsNash Equilibrium

Nash Equilibrium

Nash Equilibrium is a fundamental concept in game theory where players reach a strategy set where no player can benefit by unilaterally changing their strategy, given the strategies of others. It showcases the importance of mutual trust and strategic decision-making in competitive environments, as seen in scenarios like the Prisoner's Dilemma, where players may end up with suboptimal outcomes despite having rational choices. Understanding Nash Equilibrium is crucial for analyzing behaviors in oligopolies and various economic interactions, making it a key topic in microeconomic studies.

intermediate
2 hours
Economics
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Overview

Nash Equilibrium is a fundamental concept in game theory that describes a situation where players reach a stable outcome, and no one can benefit from changing their strategy unilaterally. It is widely applicable in various fields, including economics, political science, and social interactions, help...

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Key Terms

Game Theory
A study of strategic interactions among rational decision-makers.

Example: Game theory helps analyze competitive situations in economics.

Strategy
A plan of action designed to achieve a specific goal in a game.

Example: Choosing to cooperate or compete is a strategic decision.

Payoff
The outcome or reward received by a player from a particular strategy.

Example: In a business game, profits can be considered payoffs.

Dominant Strategy
A strategy that is the best choice for a player, regardless of what others do.

Example: Always pricing lower than competitors can be a dominant strategy.

Best Response
The optimal strategy for a player, given the strategies chosen by others.

Example: If competitors lower prices, a best response might be to match their prices.

Equilibrium
A state where all players are making the best decisions they can, given the decisions of others.

Example: In a market, equilibrium occurs when supply equals demand.

Related Topics

Prisoner's Dilemma
A classic example in game theory illustrating cooperation and betrayal.
intermediate
Cooperative Game Theory
Focuses on how players can benefit from cooperation and binding agreements.
advanced
Evolutionary Game Theory
Studies strategic interactions in biological contexts and evolution.
advanced

Key Concepts

Game TheoryStrategiesPayoffEquilibrium