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HomeHomework HelpchemistryMolecular Structure and Bonding

Molecular Structure and Bonding

Molecular structure and bonding refer to the arrangement of atoms within a molecule and the interactions that hold these atoms together, which are primarily governed by chemical bonds such as covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds.

intermediate
3 hours
Chemistry
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Overview

Molecular structure and bonding are fundamental concepts in chemistry that explain how atoms combine to form molecules and how these molecules interact with each other. Understanding the types of bonds—ionic, covalent, and metallic—helps us predict the properties of substances. Additionally, the sha...

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Key Terms

Atom
The smallest unit of an element, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Example: An oxygen atom has 8 protons.

Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

Example: Water (H₂O) is a molecule made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Ionic Bond
A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Example: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed by ionic bonds.

Covalent Bond
A bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Example: In a water molecule, oxygen and hydrogen share electrons.

Polarity
A property of molecules with a positive and negative end due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Example: Water is a polar molecule.

VSEPR Theory
A model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on electron-pair repulsion.

Example: VSEPR predicts that methane (CH₄) has a tetrahedral shape.

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Stoichiometry
Understand the quantitative relationships in chemical reactions.
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Key Concepts

Atomic StructureTypes of BondsMolecular GeometryPolarity