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HomeHomework HelpbiologyTelomerase and Telomeres

Telomerase and Telomeres

The enzyme telomerase and its role in maintaining telomeres, which are repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes, by extending the 3' end of DNA strands and preventing genetic loss during replication, particularly in cells that undergo indefinite replication

intermediate
2 hours
Biology
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Overview

Telomeres are crucial structures at the ends of chromosomes that protect genetic information during cell division. They shorten with each division, which is linked to aging and cellular senescence. Telomerase, an enzyme that extends telomeres, plays a significant role in stem cells and many cancer c...

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Key Terms

Telomere
A repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a chromosome that protects it from deterioration.

Example: Telomeres shorten with each cell division.

Telomerase
An enzyme that adds DNA sequence repeats to the ends of telomeres.

Example: Telomerase is active in stem cells.

Chromosome
A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.

Example: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Cell Division
The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

Example: Mitosis is a type of cell division.

Aging
The process of becoming older, often associated with cellular and molecular changes.

Example: Telomere shortening is a marker of aging.

Cancer
A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division.

Example: Cancer cells often have active telomerase.

Related Topics

Cell Cycle
The series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and replication.
intermediate
DNA Replication
The process by which a cell duplicates its DNA before cell division.
intermediate
Apoptosis
The process of programmed cell death that helps eliminate damaged cells.
intermediate
Genetic Mutations
Changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to various diseases, including cancer.
advanced

Key Concepts

Chromosome structureCell agingCancer biologyGenetic stability