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HomeHomework HelpbiologyPolymerase Chain Reaction

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, enabling the generation of millions of copies from a small initial sample. This process involves repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension, facilitated by DNA polymerase enzymes.

intermediate
3 hours
Biology
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Overview

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a revolutionary technique that allows scientists to amplify specific DNA sequences, making it possible to study genetic material in detail. By using a series of temperature changes, PCR can create millions of copies of a target DNA segment, which is crucial for var...

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Key Terms

DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information.

Example: DNA is found in the nucleus of cells.

Amplification
The process of making multiple copies of a specific DNA segment.

Example: PCR is a method of DNA amplification.

Thermal cycling
The repeated heating and cooling of a PCR sample to facilitate DNA denaturation and annealing.

Example: Thermal cycling is crucial for the PCR process.

Primers
Short sequences of nucleotides that provide a starting point for DNA synthesis.

Example: Primers are essential for initiating PCR.

Taq polymerase
A heat-stable enzyme used in PCR to synthesize new DNA strands.

Example: Taq polymerase is derived from a thermophilic bacterium.

Denaturation
The first step in PCR where the double-stranded DNA is heated to separate it into two strands.

Example: Denaturation occurs at around 95°C.

Related Topics

DNA Sequencing
The process of determining the exact sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
advanced
Genetic Engineering
The manipulation of an organism's DNA to achieve desired traits.
advanced
Forensic DNA Analysis
The application of DNA profiling techniques in legal investigations.
intermediate

Key Concepts

DNA amplificationThermal cyclingPrimersTaq polymerase