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HomeHomework HelpbiochemistrySubstrate-level phosphorylation

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolic process in which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy substrate molecule to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), occurring during specific enzymatic reactions in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. This mechanism contrasts with oxidative phosphorylation, which relies on the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis for ATP synthesis.

intermediate
2 hours
Biochemistry
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Overview

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a vital biochemical process that directly generates ATP from ADP and a phosphorylated substrate. This process occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, making it essential for cellular energy production. Understanding substrate-level phosphorylation helps...

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Key Terms

ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells.

Example: Cells use ATP to power various functions.

Glycolysis
The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP.

Example: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

Citric Acid Cycle
A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy.

Example: The citric acid cycle produces NADH and FADH2.

Phosphate Group
A functional group consisting of phosphorus and oxygen, crucial for ATP.

Example: The transfer of a phosphate group is key in phosphorylation.

Oxidative Phosphorylation
A process that generates ATP using energy from electron transport chains.

Example: Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.

NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an electron carrier in cellular respiration.

Example: NADH is produced during glycolysis.

Related Topics

Oxidative Phosphorylation
The process of ATP production using the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
intermediate
Glycolysis
The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy.
beginner
Cellular Respiration
The overall process of converting glucose into ATP in cells.
intermediate

Key Concepts

ATP productionGlycolysisCitric Acid CycleEnergy transfer