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HomeHomework HelpbiochemistryReactions of Monosaccharides

Reactions of Monosaccharides

The various chemical reactions that monosaccharides can undergo, including reduction and oxidation reactions, and the resulting products, such as alditols and aldonic acids, which are important in understanding the properties and applications of monosaccharides

intermediate
2 hours
Biochemistry
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Overview

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose and fructose. They play a crucial role in energy metabolism and can undergo various chemical reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and glycosylation. Understanding these reactions is essent...

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Key Terms

Monosaccharide
The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules.

Example: Glucose and fructose are common monosaccharides.

Oxidation
A chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state.

Example: Glucose can be oxidized to gluconic acid.

Reduction
A chemical reaction that involves the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state.

Example: Fructose can be reduced to sorbitol.

Glycosylation
The process of adding a sugar molecule to another molecule, often forming glycosidic bonds.

Example: Glycosylation is crucial in protein function.

Isomerization
The process of converting one isomer into another, changing the arrangement of atoms.

Example: Glucose and fructose are isomers of each other.

Glycosidic Bond
A type of covalent bond that links a carbohydrate molecule to another group.

Example: Sucrose is formed by a glycosidic bond between glucose and fructose.

Related Topics

Disaccharides
Learn about sugars formed from two monosaccharides and their properties.
intermediate
Polysaccharides
Explore complex carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharides.
intermediate
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Understand how carbohydrates are processed in the body for energy.
advanced

Key Concepts

oxidationreductionglycosylationisomerization